Eczema, also called dermatitis, is a group of skin conditions that cause dry, itchy and inflamed skin. It can appear at any age and often comes and goes in flare-ups.
The Main Types
- Atopic eczema: common in children, often with allergies or asthma in the family.
- Contact eczema: a reaction to something touching the skin, such as a soap, metal or chemical.
- Seborrhoeic eczema: greasy, flaky patches, often on the scalp and face.
- Nummular eczema: coin-shaped patches.
- Dyshidrotic eczema: small blisters on the hands and feet.
Common Signs
Dry or scaly skin, intense itching, redness, small bumps, cracked skin and, in flare-ups, weeping or crusting.
Common Triggers
Harsh soaps and detergents, dust mites, pollen, sweating, dry weather, wool or rough fabrics, stress and, in some people, particular foods. A simple diary can help to find your own triggers.
Everyday Skin Care
- Moisturise at least once a day, ideally just after bathing.
- Use lukewarm water and mild, fragrance-free cleansers.
- Wear soft cotton clothing.
- Keep nails short to limit damage from scratching.
When to See a Doctor Promptly
- Oozing, yellow crusts, fever or spreading redness.
- Eczema around the eyes.
- Skin that is not improving, or that disturbs sleep.
- A baby with widespread eczema.
What Dr. Arpana Highlights
Dr. Arpana explains that eczema is not one disease but a group of skin disorders. The common signs she lists are itching, redness, small blisters, oozing, scaling and, after long scratching, thickened leathery skin. Some types come from inside the body, such as atopic, seborrhoeic, nummular and juvenile eczema. Others come from outside, such as an irritant touching the skin, sun exposure or an infection. The type decides the care, so it is worth getting it identified.
Her everyday tips:
- Keep the skin moisturised. Gentle, natural oils such as coconut oil are a favourite of hers, and use any medicated cream exactly as your doctor directs.
- Resist scratching, which makes eczema worse. Keep the area clean, pat it dry, then moisturise.
- Use a mild detergent for clothes, and dry them in good sunlight.
- Keep away from common triggers such as pets, pollen and dust, and wear gloves when you use detergents.
- Keep stress and anxiety low, because they can make eczema worse.
No outcome is promised. Do not stop prescribed medicines or creams without talking to your doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is eczema contagious?
No. It cannot be passed from person to person.
Does eczema go away in children?
Many children improve with age, but this differs from child to child.
Can food cause eczema?
Food triggers are possible in some people, so a doctor should guide any elimination rather than guesswork.
You can book a consultation or read the frequently asked questions.
This article is for general education. It is not a substitute for personal medical advice, diagnosis or emergency care. In an emergency, go to the nearest hospital.
